tragoed Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex) - The Archetypal Tragic Man Ess

Free Oedipus the King Essays: The Archetypal Tragic Man According to Greek mythology, the Sphinx, a creature that is part woman, part bird, and part lion, caused famine and disease in Thebes that could be ended only when someone solved her riddle.   Oedipus traveled to Thebes and answered the riddle correctly.   The citizens of Thebes consider him a hero because he restored harmony to their kingdom.   Sophocles alludes to the riddle of the Sphinx several times in his play, Oedipus Rex.   Since the riddle is a metaphor for Oedipus' life, it is ironic that he was able to answer the question.   His revelation of the riddle of the Sphinx further supports the perspective of Oedipus as the archetypal tragic man. The sphinx asks, "What has four legs in the morning, two legs in the afternoon, and three legs at night?"   Oedipus correctly answers "man", saving Thebes from the terrible drought and disease brought about by the horrible creature.   The different times of day mentioned in the question actually represent different stages in life.   In the morning, or childhood, humans crawl on ...

Environmental Control and Pollution in Nigeria Essay

Civilization has been overwhelmed with fearful reports that mankind is steadily working towards self – destruction through the process of uncontrolled pollution of the environment. A casual look at our surroundings shows reckless attitude of people towards environmental preservation. Due to this development, regulations and standards have been set to ensure cleaner and safer environment. These regulations are enforced by agencies like National Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and State Environmental Protection Agencies (SEPAs). There are environment regulations currently in place which include regulation on noise, erosion, flood, for manufacturers of beverages and tobacco, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, electrical, electronics, sanitation, emissions that that have to do with air pollution. There are also regulations on pollution, hazards, waste, air, soil, surface and subsurface water that constitute contamination of the environment. We have major forms of pollution such as water, noise, air, land/soil and thermal pollutions which sources include natural disaster, industries, motor vehicles, generation sets amongst others. Without pollution control, the waste products from extraction, production, distribution, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment. In the hierarchy of environmental control, pollution prevention and minimization of wastes are more desirable to pollution control. Most industries and individuals in this country have erroneously claimed that why they are not able to treat or control their wastes or reduce pollution is that government has not provided the necessary facilities for the management of such wastes. Apart from the basic facilities the government has to provide, each waste generator is responsible for the safe disposal of his or her waste, except when government insists on a particular system. No government builds toxic waste incinerators or chemical treatment plants but all the government can do is to encourage entrepreneurs interested in such ventures by granting special concession, tax relief, removal of duty on imported pollution control equipment. The purpose of setting environmental regulations is to reduce or eliminate health and environmental hazards that induce harm. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION What is an Environment? The African Centre for Environmental Protection (ACEP) defines environment as the totality of surrounding condition and its features. Scientifically, it is described as the combination of physical, chemical, biological and social factors in which a living organism exists that affect the organism, community and influences its development or existence. Environment can simply be considered as the surrounding in which we live, work and enjoy leisure, which consists of air, soil, surface and surface water, providing habitat for mankind and other animals, plant species and serving as a source for food, water, fuel, raw materials and breathing air. Environmental Problems Environmental imbalance gives rise to various environmental problems. Some of the environmental problems are pollution, soil erosion leading to floods, salt deserts and sea recedes, desertification, landslides, change of river directions, extinction of species, and vulnerable ecosystem in place of more complex and stable ecosystems, depletion of natural resources, waste accumulation, deforestation, thinning of ozone layer and global warming. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution is defined as the undesirable change in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of our air, land and water. It can also be described as ‘the deliberate or accidental contamination of the environment with waste that is created by human action’. As a result of over – population, rapid industrializations, and other human activities like agriculture and deforestation etc., earth became loaded with diverse pollutants that are released as by-products. A pollutant is a substance or effect which adversely alters the environment by changing the growth rate of species, interferes with the food chains, is toxic or interferes with health, comfort, amenities or property values of people. Pollutants are introduced into the environment in significant amounts in the form of sewage, waste, accidental discharge, or as a by-product of a manufacturing process or other human activity. The damage caused to the biosphere may be briefly summarized as follows: 1. Damage to human health caused by specific chemical substances present in the air, food, water and radioactivity materials 2. Damage to the natural environment which affects vegetation, animals, crops, soil and water 3. Damage to the aesthetic quality of the environment caused by smoke, chemical fumes, dust, and noise, the dumping of solid waste and waste water 4. Damage caused by long term pollution effects which are not immediately apparent. The dangerous effects are caused by low level pollution absorbed into the body over long periods of time, for example carcinogenic substances, radioactivity and excessive noise Types of Pollution (a) Water Pollution Water pollution occurs due to the presence of dissolved inorganic materials, organic materials such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other substances found in domestic and industrial waste waters. It also gets polluted due to physical factors such as turbidity, colour, temperature of effluent, associated radioactivity etc. Organic pollutants Organic pollution is due to the presence of high molecular weight compounds such as sugars, oils and fats, and proteins obtained from distillery, canning, sugar and other food processing industries. They impart a high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) load to the liquid waste. These organic compounds are readily degraded in aqueous medium by soil and microorganisms present in the sewage. During this process, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in the stream is used up. When the DO is reduced below a certain limit, aquatic life is affected adversely. Oil spillage from tankers and ships leads to the pollution of beaches. Some wastes from pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries and coke-ovens contain phenols which are toxic to fish, microorganisms and other aquatic life. Liquid effluents from industries manufacturing drugs, dyestuffs, pesticides and detergents can also be toxic. Usage of anionic detergents which are not biodegradable leads to a lot of foaming and frothing. Inorganic pollutants and heavy metal pollution Alkalis, acids, inorganic salts and other chemicals formed during processing lead to inorganic pollution. Besides being the cause of corrosion of metals, these chemicals are toxic to aquatic life. Industries like paper and pulp, tanneries, textiles and coke-ovens among many others, discharge these chemicals. Inorganic chemicals such as free chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other sulfides, salts of metals like Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ag etc. are usually found in metal plating liquid wastes, alkali producing units, polyvinyl chloride, coke-oven and fertilizer industries. Pharmaceutical industries also produce large quantities of free acids and neutralized chemicals during different unit processes. Chromates, phosphates, ammonia and urea are typical chemicals found in effluents from fertilizer industries. Pollution due to mercury in chloro-alkali industries has forced to switch from mercury to diaphragm cells although there are many operating difficulties in the latter. Eutrophication is a phenomenon that occurs due to the presence of inorganic matter in the water. Though it is a natural process in lakes and rivers, human activities can accelerate the rate at which nutrients enter these water bodies. Inorganic pollutants containing nitrates and phosphates are essential for plants. When these compounds are present in excess in water body there is an over growth of plant matter creating an imbalance in the aquatic environment. Apart from these factors, effluent waters can have pathogenic micro organisms and harmful substances like organochlorides, phenolic and benzenic compounds that cause various types of acute and chronic diseases among living beings. Therefore, it is most desirable that industrial liquid effluents are pretreated or reduced with undesirable chemicals before being thrown on the land and in rivers, seas or public sewers. If discharged into public sewers they can corrode the pipe lines and treatment equipment as well as reduce biological activity due to the presence of toxic materials. (b) Air Pollution Apart from natural causes, pollution of air occurs due to increased industrialization and urbanization. In nature, thousands of tonnes of dust, sand and obnoxious gases are carried from one place to another by wind, cyclones, volcanic eruptions and forest fires. A healthy man inhales about 16.5 kg air/day. If this air is polluted, intake of oxygen is reduced. Corrosion of materials by acid mist and acid gases like SO2, CO2 and oxides of nitrogen can be very significant. Pollution of air occurs from process industries such as sulfuric acid plants, power station boilers, nitric acid plants, cement plants, foundries, chloro-alkali industries and plastics industries among many others. It is broadly due to particulate matter dispersed in it or gaseous pollutants completely miscible with it in all proportions. Dusts refer to coarser sizes of solids (1-100 microns) that are carried away due to the turbulent forces of flow. Aerosols refer to particles smaller than 1 micron. Smoke is obtained during incomplete combustion of organic matter. The sizes of particles vary between 0.01-1 microns. Fumes, mists and fog are other forms of pollution which could occur due to various operations in chemical industry. Gaseous pollutants are gaseous solutes such as SO2, Cl2, NOx, CO2, CO, mercury or organic vapour dispersed in air. Another source of ambient air pollution is the emission from automobiles. The pollutants in this case are CO, NOx, hydrocarbons, particulate matter and trace quantities of SO2, formaldehyde and lead. Effects of air pollution Global warming (Green house effect) – This is the observed increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans in recent decades. The increased amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (CH4, O3) are the primary causes. They are released by the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing and agriculture, etc. and lead to an increase in the greenhouse effect. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  Acid rain (SOx, NOx) – Acid rain occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere. These substances undergo chemical transformations and are absorbed by water droplets in clouds. The droplets then fall to earth as rain or snow. This can increase the acidity of the soil, and affect the chemical balance of lakes and streams. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  Depletion of the ozone layer (CFCs, HCFCs etc.) – Ozone layer prevents most harmful UV wavelengths (270- 315 nm) of ultraviolet light from passing through the earth’s atmosphere. The decrease in ozone is due to the production of CFCs and ozone depleting chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethane. It is suspected that a variety of biological consequences, including, for example, increases in skin cancer, damage to plants, and reduction of plankton in the ocean result from the increased UV exposure due to ozone depletion. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  Photochemical smog & air borne toxic substances – Photochemical smog is due to the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) in the atmosphere, which leaves a yellow brown haze that reduces visibility. Nitrogen oxides are released in the exhaust of fossil fuel-burning engines in cars, trucks, coal power plants, and industrial manufacturing factories. VOC’s are vapors released from gasoline, paints, solvents, pesticides, and other chemicals. (c) Land Pollution The greatest land pollution by far occurs due to urbanization and concentration of population, garbage, waste paper, packing materials and rejects from households and industries form solid wastes. Land pollution also occurs when deforestation is carried out on a large scale; agricultural operations are extended to forest and mountainous areas, large areas covered with green vegetation are submerged in water by the construction of dams. It can also get polluted when coal, oil, ores, stones, sand and other construction materials are mined and transported. All these operations adversely affect ecological aspects of the environment. Ever increasing demands for paper, fuel, furniture and packing materials due to exploding populations combined with increasing urbanization have aggravate the unhappy situation. The result is that we now live in a rapidly changing environment, the effects of which are not easily predictable. (d) Noise Pollution Of all the pollutions, it is the most insidious and a menace in thickly populated areas. There is ample medical evidence that it affects speech, hearing and the general health and behavior of people exposed to it over extended periods of time. The measurements designed to determine noise levels include the intensity and frequency of noise periods of exposure and duration of noise. The community noise levels are expressed as a weighted sound-pressure level in decibels dB. The sources of noise in environs of industries include metal fabrication processes, high pressure burners in furnaces, rotary equipment like turbines, compressors, pumps etc. pipelines carrying high velocity fluids and solids and vibrating and grinding equipment among many others.

What Causes Juvenile Delinquency - 758 Words

Causes and Solutions of Juvenile Delinquency Posted by: ReadingCraze.com March 15, 2013 in Adolescence, Family and Parenting Leave a comment Juvenile delinquency is also known as teenage crime. It is like any crime that human beings commit but these crime differ becasue they are committed by young people. Before coming of age girls and boys have less understanding of the world. Parents, friends and teachers are all responsible along with the juvenile who commit a crime. This is why courts do not punish the teenagers like they punish the adults when they commit a crime. There are separate juvenile courts and the purpose of juvenile punishment is to help the teenager understand the importance of staying away from crimes. There are†¦show more content†¦Youth belonging from poor economical status easily get involved in criminal activities. They want to improve their status and for this purpose they use negative path, in this regard often people do not support teenagers who belong from poor status and they go for criminal activities. Psychological problems in family Psychological problems in parents or siblings can also be a risk factor of juvenile delinquency. Mental illnesses or other psychological problems like depression, frustration, aggression or hyper behavior showed by the parents can make the child feel deprived and inferior among friends. Sometimes children adopt depression and anger from parents or elder siblings. Social problems in family In many families parents or elder siblings are involved in various social problems. There can be various problems like gender discrimination, age discrimination, racial discrimination, child labor or voilation of animal rights. Children and youth learn what they see in their family, in many rich families parents do not feel shame in child labor and children could not understand that child labor is against society and against morality. Social problems cause stress and due to stress teens get involved in voilence. Moral problems in family Morality is the most important concen among teens today. Teens should know how to respect family and other people. They should give the due respect to everyone theyShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency988 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavioral outcome. Knowing this, what environmental factors cause juvenile delinquency? â€Å"Each year, approximately 1.5 million adolescents are arrested in the United States, most are repeat offenders, and, in 2008 one in eight violent crimes was attributed to juveniles† (Leverso, Bielby, Hoelter, 2015, p 1). Understanding the environmental causes of juvenile delinquency allows society to better protect children from becoming offenders. This then can reduce the number of juvenile delinquents in the UnitedRead MoreContributing Factors to Juvenile Delinquency1620 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, according to Agnew and Brezina, is the violation of the law by a minor which is any persons under the age of 18 in most sta tes. There are many contributing factors to juvenile delinquency such as domestic issues or stress at school, and there are also four different theories, strain, social learning, control, and labeling, to explain the different prospective of why it is thought that juveniles commence in delinquent behavior. This particular discussion however, is going toRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Social Control Theory940 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile delinquency is very prevalent especially among adolescents because studies have shown that during the time of adolescence that is when delinquency tends to increase and once adolescence has passed at about 17 years of age then it tends to decrease (Adolescent Delinquency, 2002). There are many factors that can contribute to the increase of delinquency during adolescence, some of the factors can be personality, mental disorders, genetics, economic status, environment, family, and cultureRead MoreThe Lack of Strong Parental Figures Causes Juv enile Delinquency954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lack of Strong Parental Figures Causes Juvenile Delinquency Imagine a thirteen-year-old boy living with his mother. His parents have been divorced since he was four-years-old. He has never really known his father and therefore uses his friends for his male role models. His mother has to work two jobs to support her family and is therefore not there to spend much time with her child. This is the type of child that is normally delinquent. Add to this scenario a group ofRead MoreCauses and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency in America Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesevery year the FBI arrests more than 3300 young adults under the age of 18† (Khan).Juvenile delinquency can be caused by the influence gangs,bullying, and bad parenting. This topic caught my attention because there a lot of kids getting arrested each year for crimes committed and kids getting involved in gangs, also kids getting access to weapons,drugs, or getting bully by other people. However juvenile delinquency can be prevented by offering bullying prevention, violence prevention curriculumsRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Cause Juvenile Delinquency1156 Words   |  5 PagesNeglect cause Juvenile Delinquency Strain theory describes the idea that there are certain events and conditions in an individual’s life that are disliked and involve the inability to achieve goals, loss of positively valued stimuli, and presentation of negative stimuli (Brezina and Agnew). Child neglect and abuse can be described by this theory, and often is, because of its elements and the effect it has on children. Before the idea of child abuse and neglect causing juvenile delinquency can beRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is An Integral Part Of Criminology1559 Words   |  7 Pagescurb delinquency in juveniles. Children are expected to be obedient, respectful and imbibe virtues and good quality in them. Due to various reasons children do not follow settled social and legal dictum. Juvenile delinquency, as a legal concept is of recent origin. Juvenile delinquency is an integral part of criminology. The two cannot be separated since one of the reasons for crime and its continuance into adult life is the inef fective control and treatment of juveniles. Juvenile delinquency is aRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Crime967 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Delinquency is a crime categorize mainly based on age. Juvenile delinquency the definition under the criminal law it generally refers to behavior which shall be subject to criminal penalties for people age under 18 being implemented. Juvenile delinquency is an increasingly common social problem facing the U.S currently. The problem of juvenile delinquency is also very prominent, and the severity of their crimes have been gaining awareness of the whole society. Poor social environment isRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile delinquent offense is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult would be tried at a criminal court. New statistics give an alarming picture: juvenile delinquency is higher as never before. According to the census bureau, in 2008 there were 1,653,000 recorded delinquent offenses in the United States. This is a 23.6% increase from 1990 when 1,337,000 delinquent offenses occurred. Today, a lot of people demand lowering the age of crim inal responsibility and draconian penalties (Jenson

Proposal to improve Employee Safety in the Work place

MEMORANDUM TO: Winston P. Dunnah – President Dunnah Construction FROM: Michael Carter - Vice President of Dunnah Construction DATE: 12/03/2013 SUBJECT: Proposal to improve Employee Safety in the Work place Mr. Dunnah the purpose of this memo is to inform you that the Research into improving Workplace Safety is now finish and ready for your review. I have look at the statistics on work place violence over the past three years, 2011 through 2013. As I stated in my earlier memo I feel, that this is a very important need for the employees, management, and the business. Millions of workers face violence in the workplace every year and it is the second leading cause of occupational injury. Workplace violence can range†¦show more content†¦Workplace Violence Workplace safety is more than looking at all the hazers within the work place such as wet floors, hazard materials; and so on, it is also protecting employees from work place violence. Workplace violence and domestic violence in the workplace can cause devastating effects on management and employees (Dealing with Violence in the Workplace, 2012). Statistics Workplace violence perpetrators classification: Criminal intent, Customer or client, Worker-on-worker, and Personal relationship. The criminal perpetrator has no legitimate relationship to the business or its employees. 85 percent of workplace homicides fall into this category, customer or client are those that the company prove services to and approximately 3 percent of all workplace homicides fall into this category, worker-on-worker is an employee or past employee who attacks or threatens another employee. Fatalities account for approximately 7 percent of all workplace homicides, and personal relationship has not relationship with the business but has a personal relationship with the intended victim accounts for 5 percent of all workplace homicides (Dealing with Violence in the Workplace, 2012). Incidence rates for nonfatal assaults and violent acts by industry, 2000 Incidence rate per 10,000 full-time workers Private Sector Overall Health Services Overall Social Services Nursing Personal Care FacilitiesShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Maintaining A Safe Work Environment Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesNow that we have explored the negatives that can take place in the workplace , we can better evaluate the benefits of Maintaining a safe work environment. The good news is that it is very practical for employers to produce and foster a safe work environment. In fact, The Occupational Safety and Health Administration estimates that an â€Å" effectively safety and health program can save $4 to $6 for every $1 invested. For example, after employees at the Black Angus Restaurants participated in an ergonomics-trainingRead Morenvq level 5 leadership and management in health and social care unit 11041 Words   |  5 Pagesneeds.    * Develop positive  relationships with work colleagues and other professionals.    * Share information with people using the services, by providing and receiving information.    * Report on the work I do with people.    On e to one communication:       1.3 Analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role Effective Communication is significant and a fundamental relationship-building skill in the workplace for any employee especially for managers to perform the basic functionsRead MorePerformance Management ( Pm ) Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesPerformance Management (PM). After doing a deep analysis of processes of The Knot’s human resources management, we present a breakdown of the areas of opportunity that we found to improve the employees’ performance appraisals. The aim of this initial assessment is to figure out the current problems that have cause the employees’ unconformity. Areas of opportunity PM Causes: 1. Lack of clear job analysis which describes objectives or goals, duties, tasks, standards of performance (expected results)Read MoreAPM: Engineering Technology, 13th edition – Answers to Quizzes and Case Studies1176 Words   |  5 PagesAPM: Engineering Technology, 13th edition – Answers to Quizzes and Case Studies 1 SAFETY THROUGH DESIGN †¢ Safety is to be designed into all processes, the ANSWERS—QUIZ 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. b a b a b a c a b b b d Safety through design is defined as the integration of hazard analysis and risk assessment methods early in the design and engineering stages and the taking of the actions necessaryRead MoreBenefits Of Employee Wellness Programs1048 Words   |  5 Pages Employee wellness program is set up to improve the health of employees’, promote their morals and at the same time improve workers productivity. Examples of employees’ wellness programs includes on site clinics, on site gym or employee discount at a gym, smoking cessation, stress reduction programs, weight control and healthy diet. (Churchill, Gilliespie, Herbold, 2014). ). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2008 estimated that the medical cost of chronic disease was 75% of all theRead MoreThe Effect of Training and Development on Employees Performance1269 Words   |  6 PagesPROPOSAL THE EFFECT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN ZTBL SUBMITTED TO: DR. WSEEF JAMAL SUBMITTED BY: Mehboob ali mpa(Hrm) IM|SCIENCES, HAYATABAD, PESHAWAR INTRODUCTION. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL) formerly Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP) is the premier financial institution geared towards the development of agriculture sector through provision of financial services and technical knowRead MoreOutsourcing And Management Strategy : Pike River Mine Tragedy1515 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: Pike River Mine tragedy took place on the 19th November, 2010 and resulted in deaths of 29 workers. Many factors led to this tragedy especially poor decisions made by PRCM and Department Of Labour. In this Report, many aspects of the tragedy will be discussed. Section one: outsourcing and management strategy In terms of business, outsourcing can be defined as the process of assigning company’s business processes to external agencies in order to develop the firm’s performance andRead MorePreceptorship Program Proposal At A Medical Center1703 Words   |  7 PagesPatient safety is indeed one of the highest priority and important aspect in the healthcare industry. Therefore, the onus lies on healthcare organizations to implement necessary measures for newly licensed registered nurses during the first 6 months of their employment so as to decrease high turnover rates, turn over costs, medication errors and increase patient safety. There is a high turnover rate of newly registered nurses in the healthcare industry as they transition from students to professionalRead MoreThe Act Of Texas And The Sunset Advisory Commission ( Sac )1586 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2013, a proposal was written by a branch of the Texas state government called the Sunset Advisory Commission (SAC). This proposal would, if made into law, deregulate 14,568 respiratory therapists (RTs) currently employed in Texas (Gaebler 6). This would mean that RTs along with 18 other programs would not have to hold a state license to practice their craft (Sunset 52). Deregulation may sound like a good idea on paper, however in practice, it is anything but. The potential negative outcomes inRead MoreSouthfield Packaging Case Study Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Southfield Packaging Case Study 1a) What is your evaluation of the appraisal process (SPR) at Southland Packaging? My initial evaluation of the this process is positive, if both the supervisor and the employee adhered to the guidelines that were to be utilized during the process. The SPR was to last two full hours (not certain it should require this much time) and provide an undisturbed opportunity for the manager and to communicate directly with the subordinate about their level of performance

Organizational Behavior in a Global Context - 1681 Words

Organizational Behavior in a Global Context Part 1: Overall Chapter Summary: This chapter is talking about organizational behavior in a global context. What is organizational behavior in a global context? Base on the information from this chapter, every organization should do their businesses all over the world. After that people will have more possibilities to having a job. Also, that kind of culture is all about sharing values and ideas to help each other understand how and why countries do things. In several ways, the representation to globalization for employees and managers can happen. They can be introduce to globalization by moving to another company or by getting a promotion. Organizations should be always prepared with the†¦show more content†¦Women, Work, and Stereotypes---Page 64 Stereotyping is particularly difficult to stop. Like page 63, this exhibit show common stereotype about women â€Å"Dependent, passive, uncompetitive, unconfident, unambitious, warm, and expressive.† We are easy to make judgments about an individual, rather than obtaining factual information. Especially for women, even today women have achieved a great deal in workplace acceptance, respect, and advancement. Moreover, some companies reported substantial in the number of women managers in their companies. But, in business still have some problem to businesswomen. I think there have very difference way between businessmen and businesswomen. In fact, people think businesswomen as comfortable with power as any woman could be. Also, people think businesswomen have stuck her look rather than running the company. Moreover, a lot of businessmen believe that women do not have the stomach for selling on Wall Street. So, even women are advancing into management position, they still need to conflict people’s stereotyping that is very difficult to dispel. Part 3: Managerial Advice: Today, we are living in a diversity environment world. To face relationships is a part of our lives today. Everybody have their connection issue. Some wonderful professors are create program to teach people how to promoting a positive diversity environment. TheseShow MoreRelatedA Study On Refining Organizational Training Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION In today’s global economy the role of training employees goes beyond providing traditional instruction to meet organization training needs. Developing new hires and managing their full capabilities is at the core front of any organization. This capstone literature review plan focuses on refining organizational training research, demonstrating an understanding of current organizational environment and limitations, and how the capstone project can fit in the global context of training. IIRead MoreThe Relevance Of Organizational Behavior1202 Words   |  5 Pages In basic terms, organizational behavior concerns itself with the behavior of individuals in the organizational setting. This text concerns itself with the study of organizational behavior. In so doing, this paper will amongst other things address not only the various concepts associated with organizational behavior but also the relevance of studying the same as an academic discipline. Organizational Behavior: A Concise Definition In seeking to define organizational behavior, we must first defineRead MoreGlobal Leadership And Organizational Behavior Effectiveness1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness). The GLOBE research followed in Hofstede s footsteps yet also searched for additional dimensions (Cater, Lang Szabo, 2013, p. 446) as depicted and defined on Table II. In light of the GLOBE findings, earlier conceptualisations of culture have been reconsidered with respect to the impact of culture on leadership (Dickson et al., 2012 as cited in Cater et al., 2013, p. 447). GLOBE researchers introduced twnety one first-orderrRead MoreWhat Does Culture Affect Hr Philosophy, Policies And Programs?1098 Words   |  5 Pagesprovides a guide as to how people interact and what they expect from one another. How does culture affect HR philosophy, policies and programs? Culture consists of symbolic system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about appropriate behaviors that are shared in our society as a way of life. In other words, culture is a set of meanings (senses) and values that inform a particular way of life. It is lifestyle that shape and form a particular human group. For this reason it is importantRead MoreAn Informal Institution Based View1593 Words   |  7 Pages High-Low Context The success and failure can be explained using a core perspective named institution-based view, which was introduced as part of the concept of global business. Culture, an informal institution plays a major role in the success and failures of multinational enterprises around the world. The formal institution includes laws, regulations, and rules, also termed as political systems, legal systems, and economic systems. Informal institution includes cultures, ethics, and norms. BothRead MoreThe Role Of A Manager For Any Capacity At A Business904 Words   |  4 Pagesneed to fully understand and implement all organizational policies, and they need to manage and drive employee performance. Managers are in a state of perpetual assessment. Performing these tasks in one country and one culture is challenging enough, but from an ethical point of view, there is a pretty solid line when it comes to areas such as discrimination, customer relations, and employee interactions here in the United St ates. There are organizational policies in place which are relatively standardRead MoreCross Cultural Relationships1105 Words   |  5 Pagespatterns of thinking, and consequently adapt their behaviors according to specific cultural contexts. Managing people across cultures  offers solid theoretical frameworks and practical insights to handle the cultural challenges in managing people in a globalized workplace. Cross cultural management addresses topics including cross-cultural communication and understanding at both interpersonal and inter-organizational levels, leading multicultural and global virtual teams, cross-cultural leadership, managingRead MoreInclusive Leadership : Forming A Global Team1114 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership: Forming a Global Team Cornelius Cash Grand Canyon University LDR804-Leading across Cultures September 21, 2016 t: Ethical Leadership Models Research has shown inclusive leadership is based on leadership that is ethical and all-encompassing driven by the leaders desire to honestly connect to subordinates. Ethical leaders understand all subordinates regardless of race, creed, color or national origin play an equally important role in the strategic organizational plan (Cottrill, LopezRead MoreThe Role Of Organizational Behavior By Embracing Performance Management Research Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues’, Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), pp.507-525. Aguinis, H., C. Pierce, (2008) ‘Enhancing the Relevance of Organizational Behavior by Embracing Performance Management Research’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29 (1) pp.139-145 Atrill, P., E. McLaney, (2011) Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists, 7th Edition, Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall Barney, J. (1986) ‘Organizational Culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage’? Academy of Management 11(3), pp. 656-665. BarneyRead MoreThe Leadership Model : Inclusive Leadership And Organizational Culture Among A Diverse Global Group Of Employees1065 Words   |  5 Pagessubordinates regardless of race, creed, color or national origin play an equally important role in the strategic organizational plan. Such traits allow leaders to effectively engage with subordinates of a wide variety of cultural, demographic, and social constrictions. This assignment will address the role of inclusive leadership in strengthening the organizational culture among a diverse global group of employees. The organization is planting business operations in Greece, Singapore, Germany, and Iran

Concocting a Divisive Theory Free Essays

Concocting a Divisive Theory The phenomenal recovery of an mtDNA section from the arm of the Feldhofer Cave Neandertal was greeted with the enthusiasm and yes, even with the ballyhoo it deserved. 1 It was a truly important discovery, and from a research lab that every bit late as a twelvemonth before had predicted it could n’t be done. The protagonists of the theory that Neandertal mans are a different species were beyond exuberance ( few others were quoted on the issue ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Concocting a Divisive Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now And so, in a crescendo of excitement, Stringer and McKie2 delivered their putsch de gra?ce in a New York Times op-ed discoursing the significance of the Neandertal mtDNA findings: The deductions for the thought of race are profound. If modern humanity is made up of people who are all recent posterities of a few African innovators, it is every bitclear that Homosexual sapiens must be a startlingly homogeneous species. We merely hold non had clip to diverge genetically in any meaningful mode. However, some scientists and those with narrow political dockets have put frontward statements to prolong the thought that races exist with cardinal biological differences. Alternatively of concocting dissentious theories, we would be better served to acknowledge the importance of recent informations that will assist us happen the properties that separated Homo sapiens from other early worlds like the Neanderthals. Is this more opera or is it all over? Have the antediluvian DNA surveies brought us a existent discovery and ended the Neandertal contention so exhaustively that the lone holdouts should halt concocting their dissentious theories because they can merely differ if they have a political docket about race? Tattersall3 believes it is all over. He interprets the mtDNA consequences as demoing that the Neandertals were a distinguishable species for 600,000 old ages. For this reading, one must presume that the history of the Neandertal mtDNA line of descent section is a population history, that invariably roll uping mutants are the exclusive cause of mtDNA development, and that the mutant rate of mtDNA is known with sufficient truth to day of the month the putative split. Belief in the Eve theory of modern human beginnings is the most of import requirement for these premises because it ties mtDNA history to population history through the account that low mtDNA diverseness inworlds comes from a recent population- size constriction ( in this instance, a new species ) . It is no surprise that Eve theoreticians reacted to the intelligence with joy. It is non that I want to rain on anybody ‘s parade, but there are some shrewish inside informations. Let ‘s expression at what was really done. Krings and coworkers1 reported that the 379 base-pair section of mtDNA found in the Feldhofer specimen has 27 differences from the mention human sequence and, significantly, that 25 of these differences were at places that varied in at least one of their comparative human samples of 2,051 persons. When the Neandertal sequence was compared with 994 modern-day human line of descents of known geographic beginning, the figure of differences was more than three times greater than the average figure of differences between the worlds. But possibly the most surprising determination was that several of the worlds were found to differ from each other more than the Neanderthal differs from some worlds. Lineages in the human sample have between 1 and 24 pairwise differences reflecting mutants, while the Neandertal differed from these worlds by between 22 and 36 mutants. Taking the difference in ages into history, every bit good as the fact that any peculiar mtDNA line from that clip had merely a little opportunity of prevailing until today, this form of fluctuation is to be expected, given that an ancient Neanderthal man is being compared with modern-day worlds. In such a comparing, the pairwise differences must ever be greater than they would be for the ascendants of the modern-day worlds in the analysis who were populating at the same clip as the Neandertal. This is because the modern-day homo mtDNA lines have had a longer clip to mutate. Whether the magnitude of fluctuation is to be expected is a different inquiry. The reply could depend on the mtDNA mutant rate. Here, excessively, there have been surprising finds. Until late, the rate of alteration for human mtDNA was determined phylogenetically. Dates for mtDNA coalescency were estimated by comparing the maximal pairwise difference among worlds to the figure of differences dividing human and chimpanzee sequences. Dates for human and chimpanzee divergency were so used to gauge the rate of alteration. The Neanderthal divergency day of the month estimated by Krings coworkers assumes a mutant rate at about the center of the But possibly the most surprising determination was that several of the worlds were found to differ from each othermore than the Neanderthal differs from some worlds. scope for phyletic findings: 0.01 to 0.2 permutation sites each million old ages. But, in fact, even the fastest of these rates may be wrong. When Czar Nicholas II and his household were exhumedin 1991, their designations were based on fiting their mtDNA with that of other descendants of the Czar ‘s female parent. These analyses out of the blue revealed immensely more mutational alterations than the phyletic rates predicted.4 Subsequent computations of mutant rates between coevalss proved to be dramatically higher than had been assumed from the longer-range phyletic considerations. In two different surveies, 100s of base brace from the mtDNA control part ( more than in the Neandertal analysis ) were sequenced and intergenerational mutant rates of 1.2–4.0 permutations per myr were derived.5,6 The Eve theory postulates that a recent population-size constriction took topographic point at the clip of mtDNA coalescency in worlds. But if mtDNA mutant rates are so every bit high as the intergenerational analyses indicate, the ‘‘Eve † of these surveies could good hold been a Biblical figure because she would hold lived merely about 6,500 old ages ago. Of class, a population-size constriction this recent is extremely improbable because ‘‘it remains puzzling how the known distribution of human populations and cistrons could hold arisen in the past few thousand old ages. †6 A much more likely account for today ‘s mitochondrial diverseness is that there was no recent population constriction, but that the mtDNA has limited fl uctuation because of choice. It is known that the development of human mtDNA departs from neutrality. Choice can explicate this and the limited fluctuation in human mtDNA by, for illustration, long-run background choice against somewhat hurtful mutants, 7 or by episodes of directional choice, or, possibly a selective sweep.8 Selection is an of import component in mtDNA development because mtDNA does non recombine. Therefore, choice against any part reduces variableness in the full genome. 9 Even on the same chromosome, nonrecombining parts have much lower fluctuation than do recombining parts. One dissentious theory is that choice has reduced mtDNA fluctuation in worlds since the Neandertal lived. A concluding item is related to the claim of Krings and coworkers1 that the Neandertal is every bit related to all life people. This contributes to the perceptual experience that he was genetically isolated from them. But these writers merely presented their comparings for wide continental groups ( Africans, Europeans, and so on ) . A more appropriateanalysis is populational. A comparing of the Feldhofer Neandertal with gene-bank informations for 14 world-wide populations resulted in an mean pairwise difference of 27.3, the same average difference as in the survey by Krings and coworkers.1 But in this instance, pairwise differences for specific populations could be straight examined. These ranged from 21.3 to 33.2: the smallest average difference was between the Neandertal and a sample from Finland. One can conceive of the dissentious theory that might be concocted from these findings. There are others, largely geneticists, who besides have been busy concocting dissentious theories about modern human lineage agree on one point: The Eve theory is wrong.9,11 The job they all reference is that a population constriction terrible plenty to reset mtDNA fluctuation to zero would reset atomic fluctuation as good. Mitochondrial cistrons should retrieve their fluctuation and return to equilibrium much more rapidly because of their higher mutant rate and smaller effectual population size. But it is merely the antonym. MtDNA is out of equilibrium and has small fluctuation, whereas all impersonal atomic cistron systems studied so far are in equilibrium and have more variation.7,8,12 This entirely regulations out a terrible population-size constriction. One late supported theory is that modern worlds are non a new species but descend from a little hereditary group that lived in Africa for at least a million years.13 Others are based on analyses of the beta-globin genes14 and the Y chromosome,15 each of which reveals grounds for important genetic exchanges both out of Africa and into Africa much earlier than the period of mtDNA coalescency, even when the phyletic mutant rate estimations are used. A population-size constriction would hold erased this older fluctuation. But if the Eve theory is incorrect, there is no ground to restrict accounts of the Neandertal mtDNA to past species divergency ; nil to confute the contention that the Neandertal reflects a greater magnitude of mtDNA fluctuation in the yesteryear than in the present ; and nil to take away from the impression that mtDNA can differ dramatically between sections of the same species. Human fluctuation with and without Neandertals is similar to the difference between Pan troglodytes races. In that comparing, Pan troglodytes verus has much more mtDNA fluctuation than does Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.12So what does the antediluvian DNA mean with regard to the topographic point of Neandertal mans in human development? The deductions are inconclusive. It seems that dodo anatomy still provides cardinal informations about human development. Many Neanderthal characteristics persist in much later post-Neandertal Europeans.16 Furthermore, it is normal to happen mixtures of assorted Neandertal characteristics in Europeanstoday. One recent analysis of Neandertal and early Upper Paleolithic European nonmetric traits indicates that their fluctuation requires Neanderthal alloy of at least 25 % .17 Further survey of these informations estimated an about 6 % Neandertal familial input in modern European cistron pools, a determination that is in line with the pairwise difference analysis ( but does non necessitate ancient mtDNA ) . And what does this mean for the Multiregional theory of development? Here, the reply is clearly nil because multiregionalism means development in more than one part, but non needfully in every region.18 It could be a valid account for human development even if every individual So what does it intend? The antediluvian DNA findings are compatible with both phyletic readings of Neandertal mans: separate species or human race. Neanderthal became nonextant without issue. Human populations do non prevail infinitely or continuously through clip. All of them either go nonextant without issue or merge with other populations. So what does it intend? The antediluvian DNA findings are compatible with both phyletic readings of Neandertal mans: separate species or human race. But there are other, independent grounds for rejecting the impression that Neandertal mans are a different species. Tattersall and I have discussed some of these in old arguments in Evolutionary Anthropology. The fact remains that ‘‘the familial fluctuation between the modern and Neanderthal sequences is within the scope of other species of Primatess. †19 If Neandertal mans are non a separate species and the Feldhofer Neandertal informations prove valid, they give us two of import pieces of information. First, they indicate that if a selective expanse in human mtDNA led to its presently low degree of fluctuation, it was more recent than at least some of the European Neandertals. This could supply independent support for generational clock rates, but extra antediluvian Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis is necessary to analyze this possibility. Second, they remind us that computation of mean effectual population size in the yesteryear from coalescency theory has no relation to the existent figure of engendering females populating then.9,13 Although the sample made up of the Neandertal plus life worlds has a much larger effectual mitochondrial population size than life worlds do, it is unreasonable to reason that there were more people alive during Neandertal times than there are today. Ironically, even as the new informations raise the Neandertalargument to a higher and more interesting rational degree and represent how familial and palaeontological informations can be wed, the political degree of argument sinks to a new low. Mentions 1 Krings M, Stone A, Schmitz RW, Krainitzid H, Stoneking M, Pa?a?bo S ( 1997 ) Neandertal DNA sequences and the beginning of modern worlds. Cell 90:1–20. 2 Stringer CB, McKie R ( 1997 ) Neandertal mans on the tally. The New York Times 146 ( s4 ) : E15. 3 Tattersall I ( 1998 ) Neandertal cistrons: What do they intend? Evol Anthropol 6:157–158. 4 Edward gibbons A ( 1998 ) Calibrating the mitochondrial clock. Science 279:28–29. 5 Parsons TJ, Muniec DS, Sullivan K ( 1997 ) A high ascertained permutation rate in the human mitochondrial control part. Nature Genet 15: 363–368. 6 Loewe L, Scherer S ( 1997 ) Mitochondrial Eve: The secret plan thickens. Tendencies Ecol Evol 12:422–423, p. 422. 7 Hey J ( 1997 ) Mitochondrial and atomic cistrons present conflicting portrayals of human beginnings. Mol Biol Evol 14:177–172. 8 Wise CA, Sraml M, Easteal S ( 1998 ) Departure from neutrality at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase fractional monetary unit 2 cistron in worlds, but non in Pan troglodytess. Geneticss 148:409–421. 9 Templeton AR ( 1997 ) Testing the out of africa replacing hypothesis with mitochondrial DNA information. In Clark GA, Willermet CM ( explosive detection systems ) , Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research, pp 329–360 and combined bibliography, pp 437–492. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. 10 Hunley K, Merriwether DA ( 1998 ) The consequence of fossil age on the appraisal of the clip to common ascendant. Paper presented at the 1998 meeting of the Human Biology Association. 11 Ayala FJ ( 1995 ) The myth of Eve: Molecular biological science and human beginnings. Science 270:1930– 1936. 12 Wise CA, Sraml M, Rubinsztein DC, Easteal S ( 1997 ) Comparative atomic and mitochondrial genome diverseness in worlds and Pan troglodytess. Mol Biol Evol 14:707–716. 13 Harpending H, Batzer MA, Gurven M, Jorde LB, Rogers AR, Sherry ST ( 1998 ) Genetic hints of ancient human ecology. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 95:1961–1967. 14 Harding RM, Fullerton SM, Griffiths RC, Bond J, Cox MJ, Schneider JA, Moulin DS, Clegg JB ( 1997 ) Archaic African and Asiatic line of descents in the familial lineage of modern worlds. Am J Hum Genet 60:722–789. 15 HammerMF, Karafet T, Rasanayagam A, Wood ET, Altheide TK, Jenkins T, Griffiths RC, Templeton AR, Zegura SL ( 1998 ) Out of Africa and back once more: Nested cladistic analysis of human Y chromosome fluctuation. Mol Biol Evol 15:427–441. 16 Frayer DW ( 1993 ) Development at the European border: Neanderthal and Upper Paleolithic relationships. Pre?hist Eur 2:9–69. 17 Hawks J ( 1997 ) Have Neandertals left us their cistrons? In Cavalli-Sforza L ( erectile dysfunction ) , Human Development: Abstractions of Documents Presented at the 1997 Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Human Evolution Arranged by L.L. Cavalli-Sforza and J.D. Watson, p 81. Cold Spring Seaport: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 18 Relethford JH ( 1995 ) Genetics and modern human beginnings. Evol Anthropol 4:53–63. 19 Ruvolo M, cited in Kahn P, Gibbons A ( 1997 ) Deoxyribonucleic acid from an nonextant homo. Science 277:176–178. Milford Wolpoff Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1382 U R 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ISSUES Evolutionary Anthropology 3 How to cite Concocting a Divisive Theory, Essay examples

Elegy to and Unfortunate Lady Essay Example For Students

Elegy to and Unfortunate Lady Essay In Alexander Pope’s poem â€Å"Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady,† Pope uses a great amount of war-like imagery to enhance his vision of the suicide described. He creates allies and enemies, weapons and invasions, as well as the gruesome death that only seems to come from war. These pieces add to the overall meaning of the work and the vision of the event that has occurred, giving the reader an image of a battle occurring. The first images of the war or battle are that of the victim of battle. Starting at line four and extending to line ten, I find that Pope is using a great amount of imagery to depict the woman’s wound and the fate upon which she has fallen. In line four he describes her wound in only three words â€Å"bleeding bosom gor’d,† but he then extends the depiction of her wound into how it was obtained. He describes the knife or the dagger that she must have used to kill herself with as a â€Å"sword†, which is something that would typically be found in battle rather than in the case of a suicide. He also brings in the theory of the ancient Roman justice system for not just war but any crime. It is much greater and braver to die by your own sword than by any other. She kills herself for the simple fact that in her eyes she must be punished for loving some one too much; however, her death is the start of the real war, between Pope and the society and family that ab andoned her. Pope sides with the ghost in the poem and criticizes her family and society for her death. In line thirty he states clearly his great dislike for the uncle who he labels as â€Å"Thou, mean deserter of thy brother’s blood!† This is an apparent line drawn between what Pope believed should have occurred and what did occur, creating the image of enemy and ally. It is even an echo of a challenge to the uncle on how to raise or treat his family. Pope blasts society in lines forty-eight and forty-nine when he states that â€Å"rites unpaid? / No friend’s complaint, no kind domestic tear† He seems to be stating that society abandoned her as much as her family did and that no one seems to even care that this young woman is gone. He once again has drawn a line saying, â€Å"you are the enemy and I am the ally.† Now that the sides have been chosen the battle can be looked at much more closely. The image of a battle takes up much more of this poem than any other section. Not only is the suicide a battle within the woman as to whether or not to commit it, but the language lends itself to shape yet another battle of morality. Pope brings in the language of battle a great deal on page 115 of the poem. He speaks of â€Å"justice†, â€Å"vengeance†, and the â€Å"besiege†ing of â€Å"your gates † (in which case he is speaking to the family and society). These are images that are common with battle rather than suicide. He also brings up the fact that â€Å"foreign hands† are what took care of the young woman’s body once she died. This also seems to illuminate the image of death on a battlefield. Pope captures this picture beautifully in lines fifty-two to fifty-four, when he writes:By foreign hands thy dying eyes were clos’d,By foreign hands thy decent limbs compos’d,By foreign hands thy humble grave adorn’d,By strang ers honour’d, and by strangers mourn’d!This passage is the essence of how men died in battle in those days and during the civil war. They were not buried by their family and friends, but rather buried in mass graves or where they lie, if buried at all. They were mourned and honored by strangers rather than their loved ones. Pope also brings up the fact that she has no tombstone marking her grave; â€Å"Nor polish’d marble emulate they face.† That is another common factor with the victims of war. There is often no marking of their graves but rather just the grass to cover where they